Hydrological balance of two Mediterranean forested catchments ( Prades , northeast Spain )
نویسندگان
چکیده
Precipitation and discharge have been measured for several years in two small forested catchments located in the Mediterranean area of Spain. Actual évapotranspiration has been calculated as the difference between annual precipitation and discharge. Results show that: (a) most of the precipitation is evaporated rather than lost by streamflow, even in the most humid years; (b) there is a high inter-annual variability both in discharge and évapotranspiration; and (c) annual évapotranspiration correlates significantly with annual precipitation, in contrast to the constancy of annual evaporation in catchments of wet, colder climates. Finally, a simple expression is proposed in order to calculate annual actual evaporation from the ratio of precipitation to potential évapotranspiration. This expression uses a derived exponent, k, which takes into account the characteristics of individual catchments. Bilan hydrologique de deux bassins-versants méditerranéens forestiers (Prades, nord est de l'Espagne) Résumé Les précipitations et l'écoulement ont été mesurés pendant plusieurs années dans deux petits bassins-versants forestiers situés dans la région méditerranéene de l'Espagne. L'évapotranspiration réelle a été calculée comme la différence entre les précipitations et l'écoulement annuels. Les résultats montrent que: (a) la plupart des précipitations est évapotranspirée, plutôt qu'écoulée, même les années les plus humides; (b) la variabilitée interannuelle de l'écoulement et de l'évapotranspiration est élevée; et (c) l'évapotranspiration annuelle est significativement corrélée avec les précipitations annuelles. Ce résultat contraste avec ceux des climats plus froids et humides où l'évapotranspiration annuelle est assez constante. Pour finir, on propose une * now at Centre de Recerca Ecolôgica i Aplicacions Forestals, Universitat Autônoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Open for discussion until 1 October 1991 95
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